R Rag paper - high quality stationery made from cotton rags. Ragged - lines of type that do not start or end at the same position.Ranged left/right - successive lines of type which are of unequal length and which are aligned at either the right or left hand column. Raster Image Processor (RIP) - the hardware engine which calculates the bit-mapped image of text and graphics from a series of instructions. It may, or may not, understand a page description language but the end result should, if the device has been properly designed, be the same. Typical RIPs which aren't PDL-based include the Tall Trees JLaser, the LaserMaster and AST's TurboLaser controller. A basic page printer comes with a controller and not a RIP which goes some way to explaining the lack of control. Ream - 500 sheets of paper. Reference marks - symbols used in text to direct the reader to a footnote. Eg asterisk (*), dagger, double dagger, section mark ( ), paragraph mark ( ). Register - the correct positioning of an image especially when printing one colour on another. Register - the printing of two or more plates in juxtaposition so that they complete a design if printing on the same side of the sheet or back up accurately if printed on opposite sides of the sheet. Register marks - used in colour printing to position the paper correctly. Usually crosses or circles. Resolution - the measurement used in typesetting to express quality of output. Measured in dots per inch, the greater the number of dots, the more smoother and cleaner appearance the character/image will have. Currently Page (laser) Printers print at 300, 406 and 600dpi. Typesetting machines print at 1,200 dpi or more. Retouching - a means of altering artwork or colour separations to correct faults or enhance the image. Reverse out - to reproduce as a white image out of a solid background.
Revise - indicates the stages at which corrections have been incorporated from earlier proofs and new proofs submitted. Eg First revise, second revise. Right reading - a positive or negative which reads from left to right. Rotary press - a web or reel fed printing press which uses a curved printing plate mounted on the plate cylinder. Rough - a preliminary sketch of a proposed design. Royal - a size of printing paper 20in x 25in (508 x 635mm). Runaround (see also Text wrap) - the ability within a program to run text around a graphic image within a document, without the need to adjust each line manually. Running head - a line of type at the top of a page which repeats a heading.
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